Yintoni i-Bearing?

Igama elithi ukuthwala lisuka kwibhere, elithetha ukuxhasa okanye ukuthwala.

Xa kukho intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwamalungu amabini kwaye ukuba elinye ilungu lixhasa elinye, inxalenye exhasayo yaziwa ngokuba yibheringi.

Ke, ukuthwala lilungu lomatshini lenxalenye yomatshini exhasa enye into yomatshini okanye inxalenye ehambelana nayo.

Intshukumo ehambelanayo inokuba ngumgca okanye ngokujikeleza.

Njengakwimeko ye-injini ye-crosshead kunye nezikhokelo, izikhokelo zisebenza njengeebheringi kunye nentshukumo ehambelanayo inomgca. Ngokufanayo, iindlela zoomatshini bokungqusha kunye noomatshini beplani banokuphathwa njengeebheringi.

Njengakwimeko yee-spindles ze-lathe, oomatshini bokwemba kunye nabadikayo, ii-asi zemoto, ii-crankshafts, njl.

Isidingo seeBearings.

Phantse kuzo zonke iindidi zoomatshini, nokuba kushukuma okanye amandla kufuneka ahanjiswe ngeeshafti ezijikelezayo, ezithi zona zibanjwe ziibheringi.

Ezi bheringi zivumela ukujikeleza okukhululekileyo kunye nokugudileyo kweeshafu kunye nokukhuhlana okuncinci. Ukulahleka kwamandla okanye ukunyakaza kunokuncitshiswa ngokuthambisa okufanelekileyo kweendawo zokuthwala.

Imfuneko okanye imfuno yeebheringi zezi njongo zimbini zilandelayo.

1. Ukubonelela ngenkxaso kwiishafu ezijikelezayo.

2. Ukuvumela ukujikeleza kwamahhala kunye nokugudileyo kweeshafts.

3. Ukuthwala i-thrush kunye nemithwalo ye-radial.

Iintlobo zokuThwala.

Ngokubanzi, iibheringi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Sliding iibheringi zoqhagamshelwano kunye;

2. Iibheringi zoqhagamshelwano eziqengqelekayo okanye iibheringi ezichasayo.

1. IiBearings zoNxibelelwano lweSlayidi;

Iibheringi zoqhagamshelwano ezityibilikayo kunye neeshafti zinentshukumo ehambelanayo ngenxa yokutyibilika kwazo ngokubhekiselele komnye nomnye. Ngokubanzi, zonke iibheringi ezingasebenzisi iirola kunye neebhola zinokubizwa ngokuba ziibheringi zoqhagamshelwano ezityibilikayo.

UkuSlayida Abafowunelwa Iibheringi zohlulwe ngakumbi zibe zezi ntlobo zilandelayo.

i. Umgca wasekunene okanye isiKhokelo;

Ukuba icala lentshukumo ehambelanayo kunye nokutyibilika komphezulu kungqamene, ukuthwala kwaziwa njengomgca ochanekileyo okanye umkhombandlela ozalanayo umz., izikhokelo kwiintloko ezinqamlezileyo ze-injini, iindlela zoomatshini bokungqusha kunye neespindle zokomba kunye noomatshini abadikayo.

ii. I-Radial okanye iJenali yokuBeka;

Ukuba intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kweshaft kunye nokuthwala iyajikeleza kwaye ukuba umthwalo usebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-axis ye-shaft okanye ecaleni kweradiyasi ye-shaft, ukuthwala kwaziwa ngokuba yijenali okanye i-radial bear.

Inxalenye ye-shaft evalelwe yi-bearing ibizwa ngokuba yijenali.

iii. I-Thrust Bearing;

Ukuba umthwalo kwi-bearing uhambelana ne-axis ye-shaft, ukuthwala kwaziwa ngokuba yi-thrust bear.

iv. Inyathelo leenyawo okanye iPivot Bearing;

Kwi-thrust bearing, ukuba isiphelo seshafti siyayeka ngokuphumla kumphezulu wokuthwala ngokuthe nkqo, kwaziwa njengokuthwala inyathelo okanye ukuthwala i-pivot.

v. I-Collar Bearing;

Kwi-thrust bearing, ukuba iziphelo zeshafti zidlulela ngaphaya nangaphaya komphezulu wokuthwala, kwaziwa ngokuba yi-collar bear. I-axis ye-shaft ihlala ithe tye.

vi. Ukuthwala iBushed;

Udidi olulula lokuzala kwamatyholo lubonisiwe kwi ##Fig. 1.8 ngezantsi. Iqulethwe ngumzimba wentsimbi kunye nehlathi elenziwe ngobhedu okanye i-gunmetal.

Umzimba unesiseko soxande. Isiseko senziwa umngxuma ukuze kuncitshiswe indawo engaphezulu yomatshini. Imingxuma emibini ye-elliptical ibonelelwe kwisiseko sokubhobhoza ukuthwala.

Kukho umngxuma oyile kumphezulu womzimba otyhutyha etyholweni. Ngaloo ndlela, i-lubrication inokwenziwa kwi-shaft kunye ne-bush ngokusebenzisa umngxuma oyile.

Ububanzi bangaphakathi behlathi bulingana nobubanzi be-shaft. Ihlathi libekwe ngokusisigxina nge-grub screw ukuze ukujikeleza okanye ukutyibilika kunye ne-shaft kuthintelwe.

Ukuba ihlathi liyaguga, litshintshwa litsha. I-shaft inokufakwa kwi-bearing end-wise kuphela. Le yenye yokungalungi kolu phawu.

I-Bushed bear ifumana isicelo kwimithwalo elula kunye nezantya eziphantsi.

vii. I-Pedestal Bearing;

I-Pedestal Bearing idume ngokuba yiPlummer block. Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwejenali.

Iqulathe ibloko yentsimbi ebizwa ngokuba yi-pedestal, ikepusi yentsimbi, imipu yentsimbi kwiziqingatha ezibini, amablothi amabini entsimbi ethambileyo anentloko ephindwe kabini kunye neseti ezimbini zamandongomane okutshixa anehexagonal njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-##Fig. 1.9 ngezantsi.

Ukuthwala luhlobo lokwahlula; yenziwe yaziziqingatha ezibini.

Inxalenye ephezulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-cap, ebotshelelwa kumzimba oyintloko obizwa ngokuba yi-pedestal ngokusebenzisa iibholithi ezinentloko enesikweri kunye namandongomane anamacala amathandathu.

Oku kwahlula okanye ukwahlula ukuthwala kunceda ukubeka lula kunye nokususwa kwe-shaft kunye neehafu zetyholo eliqhekezayo.

Izihlahla eziqhekekileyo ziyaziwa ngokuba ziibrasi okanye amanyathelo.

I-snug ibonelelwa kwityholo elisezantsi eliqhekezayo elingena kumngxuma onikezelweyo emzimbeni.

Ukuze ukujikeleza kwehlathi kuthintelwe kunye ne-shaft, kwaye ukunyakaza kwe-axial kuthintelwe ngokusebenzisa i-collar flanges ekupheleni.

Izinto eziqhekezayo zehlathi zibhedu, ubhedu, isinyithi esimhlophe, njl.

Ishaft iphumle phezu kwetyholo elicandekileyo elisezantsi. Isihlahla esiqhekezayo esiphezulu sibekwe phezu kwe-shaft, kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-cap iqinisiwe.

I-clean encinci ishiywe phakathi kwe-cap kunye nomzimba onceda xa i-cap ihlisiwe ngenxa yokuhlangula ihlathi ngeelinen ezintsha.

Le bhere ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwisantya esiphezulu kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo.

viii. Ukuthwala inyawo okanye ukuthwala iPivot.

Kwi-footstep okanye i-pivot bearing, uxinzelelo lusebenza ngokuhambelana ne-axis ye-shaft kunye ne-shaft iphumle kwi-bearing kwelinye icala.

Iqulathe ibloko yentsimbi ethe nkqo kwisetyhula okanye umzimba onesiseko soxande kunye nesihlahla sompu, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-##Fig. 1.10 ngezantsi.

Ibhloko inesiphelo esivulekileyo apho i-shaft ifakwe khona. Ishaft iphumle ngokuthe nkqo kwidiskhi yentsimbi ene-concave scating.

I-disc ithintelwe ekujikelezeni kunye ne-shaft ngokusebenzisa i-pin enesiqingatha esifakwe kwi-disc kunye nomzimba.

Ukujikeleza kwetyholo kunye ne-shaft kuthintelwa ngokusebenzisa i-snug ebonelelwe entanyeni yayo ngaphantsi kwekhola.

Ezi bheringi zifumana izicelo kumatshini weempahla, iphepha, njl., ezisetyenziselwa imithwalo elula kunye nezantya eziphantsi.

Kwinqanaba leenyawo, ukuthambisa kunzima njengoko i-oyile ikhutshelwa ngaphandle ukusuka embindini ngamandla aphakathi.

2. Iibheringi zoQhagamshelwano eziRolling okanye ii-Anti-friction Bearings.

Kwimibhobho yokudibanisa, ukunyakaza okuhambelanayo phakathi kwe-shaft kunye ne-bearing kubangelwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweebhola kunye ne-roller ezisetyenziswe kwiibheringi.

Ke ngoko ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziibheringi zoqhagamshelwano eziqengqelekayo okanye iibheringi zebhola kunye neerola.

I-Friction ethweleyo ingaphantsi kakhulu kuneebheringi zoqhagamshelwano olutyibilikayo, kwaye kukho ukugruzuka okuncinci koomatshini abafuna rhoqo ukuqalisa nokuma phantsi komthwalo.

Ke ngoko, ezi bheringi zibizwa ngokuba ziibheringi ezichasayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebheringi ezichasayo, kwaye zezi;

1. Iibhola zebhola kunye;

2. Ukuthwala i-roller.

i. iiBearings zeBhola;

Iibhola ezingqukuva zisetyenziswa kwiibheringi zeebhola.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeebheringi zebhola;

(i) Iibheringi zebhola zeRadial kunye (ii) Ukutyhala iibheringi zebhola.

Iibheringi zebhola zeradial zisetyenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo ye-radial okanye imithwalo ye-perpendicular kwi-axis ye-shafts, ngelixa ii-thrust bearings zisetyenziselwa imithwalo ye-thrust, oko kukuthi, imithwalo esebenza ngokuhambelana ne-axis ye-shaft.

Ukutyhala iibheringi zebhola zisetyenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo yethraphu kwiishafti.

Ziquka iibhola zentsimbi eziqinileyo ezibekwe phakathi kweentlanga ezimbini. Imidyarho ngamakhonkco entsimbi eqinile. Olunye uhlanga lujikeleza kunye ne-shaft, kwaye enye igxininiswe kwizindlu zokuthwala.

Iibhola zigcinwa kwindawo ngokusetyenziswa kweekheji. Iikheji zizahluli zeebhola ezenziwe ngobhedu olucinezelweyo.

Ulungiselelo lwethrasti elula iboniswa kwi ##Fig. 1.11 ngezantsi. Iibheringi zebhola zethrust zisetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwisantya se-2000 rpm.

Kwizantya eziphakamileyo zemithwalo yokutyhala, iibheringi zebhola zokudibana ziyasetyenziswa. Ngaphantsi kwesantya esiphezulu, iibhola zinyanzeliswa ngaphandle kogqatso ngenxa ye-centrifugal force ephuhliswe kwii-thrust bearings.

ii. Iibheringi zeRoller;

Iibheringi ze-roller zinokuhlelwa njengeebheringi ze-radial roller kunye ne-thrust roller bearings. Iibheringi zeradial kunye nethrust zithwala imithwalo yeradial kunye nethrust ngokulandelelanayo.

Zombini ezi bheringi zinokuhlelwa ngakumbi ngesiseko seentlobo zeerola ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezinjengeebheringi ze-cylindrical roller, iibheringi zeenaliti, kunye neebheringi eziziqengqelekiyo.

Xa kuthelekiswa neebheringi zebhola, iibheringi ze-roller ziphuhlisa ukukhuhlana ngakumbi kodwa zinomthamo omkhulu womthwalo. Ukusetyenziswa komthwalo wokukhanya, iibheringi zebhola zisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwazo kungaphantsi kobukhulu obufanayo be-roller bearings.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umthwalo unzima kwaye iibheringi zinomthwalo wokuthuthumela, kuphela iibheringi ze-roller zisetyenziswa.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nokungonakali kwebhola kunye neebheringi ze-roller;

Xa kuthelekiswa neebheringi zoqhagamshelwano ngokutyibilika, iibheringi zoqhagamshelwano eziqengqelekayo zineenzuzo nezingeloncedo zilandelayo.

Iingenelo.

1. Ukuqala kunye nokuqhuba ingxabano iphantsi.

2. Ukutshintshwa kulula.

3. Ingasetyenziselwa zombini imithwalo ye-radial kunye ne-axial.

4. Ukuthambisa kulula.

5. Iindleko zokuyilungisa ziphantsi.

Iingxaki.

1. Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu.

2. Kunzima ukuqaphela ukwenzeka kokusilela.

3. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu komatshini kuyafuneka ekuthwaleni izindlu.