Kodi Bearing ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti kubereka amachokera ku chimbalangondo, kutanthauza kuchirikiza kapena kunyamula.

Pakakhala kuyenda kwapakati pakati pa zigawo ziŵiri ndipo ngati mbali imodzi ikuchirikiza inzake, mbali yochirikizayo imatchedwa kunyamula.

Chifukwa chake, kunyamula ndi chinthu chamakina cha gawo lamakina chomwe chimathandizira chinthu china chamakina kapena gawo lomwe likuyenda nacho.

Kuyenda kwachibale kungakhale kozungulira kapena kozungulira.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitu ya injini ndi maupangiri, maupangiri amakhala ngati ma fani ndipo kuyenda kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala mzere. Momwemonso, njira zamakina opangira mphero ndi makina opangira mapulaneti amatha kuchitidwa ngati ma fani.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma spindles a lathe, makina obowola ndi otopetsa, ma axles agalimoto, ma crankshafts, ndi zina zambiri, kusuntha kwapakati pakati pa izi ndi zonyamula ndikozungulira.

Kufunika kwa Bearings.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya makina, kuyenda kapena mphamvu ziyenera kutumizidwa kudzera muzitsulo zozungulira, zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi mayendedwe.

These bearings allow the free and smooth rotation of shafts with minimum friction. The loss of power or motion can be minimized with suitable lubrication of bearing surfaces.

Kufunika kapena kufunikira kwa ma bearings ndi pazifukwa ziwiri zotsatirazi.

1. Kuthandizira ma shaft ozungulira.

2. Kulola kusinthasintha kwaulere komanso kosalala kwa shafts.

3. Kunyamula katundu ndi ma radial.

Mitundu ya Kubereka.

Nthawi zambiri, ma bearings amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri motere:

1. Kutsetsereka kukhudzana mayendedwe ndi;

2. Mapiritsi olumikizirana kapena ma anti-friction bearings.

1. Sliding Contact Bearings;

Sliding contact bearings and shafts have relative motion due to their sliding with respect to each other. In general, all the bearings which don’t use rollers and balls can be termed as sliding contact bearings.

Sliding Contacts Bearings amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa.

ndi. Mzere Wolondola kapena Wotsogolera;

Ngati mayendedwe achibale ndi kutsetsereka kwa pamwamba ndi kufanana, kunyamula kumadziwika ngati mzere wolondola kapena kalozera wonyamula mwachitsanzo, akalozera pamitu ya injini, njira zamakina opangira mphero ndi ma spindle a kubowola ndi makina otopetsa.

ii. Radial kapena Journal Bearing;

Ngati kusuntha kwapakati pakati pa shaft ndi kunyamula kumakhala kozungulira ndipo ngati katunduyo akuyenda molunjika kumtunda wa shaft kapena m'mbali mwa shaft, kunyamulako kumadziwika kuti kunyamula manyuzipepala kapena ma radial.

Gawo la shaft lomwe latsekedwa ndi chotengeracho limadziwika kuti magazini.

iii. Kupititsa patsogolo;

Ngati katundu wonyamulayo akufanana ndi tsinde la shaft, kunyamula kumatchedwa thrust bear.

iv. Phazi kapena Pivot Bearing;

Pa thrust bearing, ngati mapeto a shaft alekeka popumira pamwamba pake, amadziwika kuti kunyamula mapazi kapena pivot bear.

v. Collar Bearing;

Pa thrust bearing, ngati nsonga za shaft zimapitirira ndi kupyola pamwamba, zimatchedwa kolala. Mzere wa shaft umakhalabe wopingasa.

vi. Bushed Kubereka;

Mtundu wosavuta wonyamula tchire ukuwonetsedwa mu ##Fig. 1.8 apa. Zimapangidwa ndi thupi lachitsulo chosungunuka ndi chitsamba chopangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena mfuti.

Thupi lili ndi maziko amakona anayi. Pansi pake amapangidwa dzenje kuti kuchepetsa Machining pamwamba m'dera. Mabowo awiri a elliptical amaperekedwa m'munsi kuti amangirire.

Bowo la mafuta limaperekedwa pamwamba pa thupi lomwe limadutsa m'tchire. Choncho, mafuta akhoza kuchitidwa kwa kutsinde ndi chitsamba kupyolera mu dzenje la mafuta.

Mkatikati mwa chitsambacho ndi chofanana ndi m'mimba mwake. Chitsambacho chimakhazikitsidwa ndi phula la grub kuti kuzungulira kwake kapena kutsetsereka pamodzi ndi shaft kupewedwe.

Chitsamba chikatha, chimasinthidwa ndi china. Mtsinje ukhoza kulowetsedwa muzotengera zanzeru zokha. Ichi ndi choyipa chimodzi cha kubereka uku.

Bushed Bearing amapeza ntchito muzonyamula zopepuka komanso zotsika kwambiri.

vii. Pedestal Bearing;

Pedestal bearing imadziwika kuti Plummer block. Imatchedwanso kugawanika kapena kugawanika kwa magazini.

Zimapangidwa ndi chipika chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chotchedwa pedestal, chipewa chachitsulo choyimbidwa, mikwingwirima yamfuti m'mahalofu awiri, zitsulo ziwiri zofatsa za masikweya-mutu ndi ma seti awiri a lokoko la mtedza wa hexagonal monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa ##Fig. 1.9 pa.

Kunyamula ndi mtundu wogawanika; imapangidwa kukhala magawo awiri.

Mbali ya pamwambayi imatchedwa cap, yomwe imamangirira kumutu waukulu wotchedwa pedestal pogwiritsa ntchito mabawuti amitu sikweya ndi mtedza wa makona atatu.

Kugawanika kapena kugawanika kwa mbande kumathandizira kuyika kosavuta ndi kuchotsedwa kwa shaft komanso theka la chitsamba chogawanika.

Zitsamba zogawanika zimadziwika kuti mkuwa kapena masitepe.

Nsomba imaperekedwa mu chitsamba chotsika chogawanika chomwe chimalowa mu dzenje lomwe laperekedwa m'thupi.

Kotero kuti kuzungulira kwa chitsamba kupewedwe pamodzi ndi tsinde, ndipo kuyenda kwa axial kumatetezedwa ndi makola flanges kumapeto.

Chitsamba chogawanika ndi mkuwa, mkuwa, zitsulo zoyera, etc.

Tsinde limakhazikika pa chitsamba chogawanika chapansi. Chitsamba chogawanika chapamwamba chimayikidwa pamwamba pa shaft, ndipo pamapeto pake, kapuyo imamangidwa.

Chilolezo chaching'ono chimasiyidwa pakati pa kapu ndi thupi lomwe limathandiza pamene kapu yatsitsidwa chifukwa chopulumutsa chitsamba ndi zingwe zatsopano.

Kunyamula uku kumapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pa liwiro lalitali komanso mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a katundu.

viii. Kunyamula mapazi kapena Pivot.

M'mapazi kapena ma pivot, kupanikizika kumagwira ntchito mofanana ndi tsinde la shaft ndipo shaft imakhazikika kumbali yake imodzi.

Zimapangidwa ndi chipika chozungulira chachitsulo choyimirira kapena thupi lokhala ndi makona anayi ndi chitsamba chamfuti, monga momwe zikuwonetsera pa ##Fig. 1.10 apa.

Chotsekeracho chimakhala ndi mapeto otseguka omwe shaft imayikidwa. Shaft imakhazikika molunjika pa diski yachitsulo yokhala ndi scave scave.

Chimbalecho chimalepheretsedwa kusinthasintha pamodzi ndi shaft pogwiritsa ntchito pini yomwe imayikidwa theka mu diski ndi thupi.

Kuzungulira kwa chitsamba pamodzi ndi mtengowo kumapewedwa ndi kutsetsereka kwa khosi lake pansi pa kolala.

Ma bere awa amapeza ntchito pamakina a nsalu, mapepala, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zopepuka komanso zotsika.

Ponyamula mapazi, kuthira mafuta kumakhala kovuta chifukwa mafuta amatayidwa kunja kuchokera pakati ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal.

2. Rolling Contact Bearings kapena Anti-friction Bearings.

M'mabere ogubuduza olumikizana, kusuntha kwapakati pakati pa shaft ndi kunyamula kumachitika chifukwa cha kugubuduza kwa mipira ndi zodzigudubuza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazonyamula.

Chifukwa chake izi zimatchedwa mayendedwe ogubuduza olumikizana kapena mpira ndi zodzigudubuza.

Kukangana kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi ma bere otsetsereka, ndipo makina amawonongeka pang'ono omwe amafunikira nthawi zambiri kuyambira ndikuyimitsa katundu.

Chifukwa chake, ma bere awa amatchedwa anti-friction bearings.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayendedwe odana ndi kukangana, ndipo iwo ndi;

1. Mapiritsi a mpira ndi;

2. Wodzigudubuza.

ndi. Mpira Bearings;

Mipira yozungulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpira.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mayendedwe a mpira;

(i) Mapiritsi a mpira wa radial ndi (ii) Mapiritsi a mpira.

Mapiritsi a mpira wa radial amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wa radial kapena katundu perpendicular ku axis wa shafts, pamene mayendedwe mayendedwe ntchito kukankhira katundu, mwachitsanzo, katundu kuchita kufanana ndi olamulira shaft.

Mapiritsi a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu pa shafts.

Amakhala ndi mipira yachitsulo yolimba yoyikidwa pakati pa mitundu iwiri. Mitunduyi ndi grooved zolimba zitsulo mphete. Mpikisano umodzi umazungulira pamodzi ndi tsinde, ndipo wina umakhazikika mu nyumba zoberekera.

Mipirayo imasungidwa pamalo ake pogwiritsa ntchito makola. Makolawa ndi olekanitsa mipira yopangidwa ndi mkuwa woponderezedwa.

Kukonzekera kwa mayendedwe osavuta akuwonetsedwa mu ##Fig. 1.11 apa. Mapiritsi a mpira wothamanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka liwiro la 2000 rpm.

Pakuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa katundu wopondereza, ma bearing a mpira olumikizana nawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pansi pa liwiro lalikulu, mipira imathamangitsidwa kuchoka pamipikisano chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imapangidwa mumayendedwe othamangitsa.

ii. Roller Bearings;

Zimbalangondo zodzigudubuza zitha kugawidwa m'magulu a ma radial roller ndi ma thrust roller bearings. Ma fani a ma radial ndi thrust roller amanyamula katundu wa radial ndi thrust motsatana.

Mapiritsi onsewa amatha kugawidwanso pamitundu yamitundu yama roller omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ma cylindrical roller bearings, masingano odzigudubuza a singano, ndi ma tapered roller bearings.

Poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe a mpira, mayendedwe odzigudubuza amakulitsa kukangana koma amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Kwa ntchito zolemetsa zopepuka, mayendedwe a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe kukonza kwawo kumakhala kochepa kuposa kofanana ndi kukula kwake.

Komabe, ngati katunduyo ndi wolemetsa kwambiri ndipo ma fani akuyenera kugwedezeka, ma bearings okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mayendedwe a mpira ndi odzigudubuza;

Poyerekeza ndi kutsetsereka kukhudzana fani, kugubuduza kukhudzana fani ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa zotsatirazi.

Ubwino wake.

1. Kukangana koyambira ndi kuthamanga kumakhala kochepa.

2. Kusintha n'kosavuta.

3. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama radial ndi axial katundu.

4. Kupaka mafuta ndikosavuta.

5. Mtengo wokonza ndi wotsika.

Zoipa.

1. Mtengo woyamba.

2. Zovuta kuzindikira kuchitika kwa kulephera kubereka.

3. Kukonzekera kolondola kwambiri kumafunikira pakubala nyumba.