Kuyini i-Bearing?

Igama elithi ukuthwala lisuselwa kubhere, okusho ukusekela noma ukuthwala.

Lapho kukhona ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili futhi uma ingxenye eyodwa isekela enye, ingxenye esekelayo yaziwa ngokuthi i-bearing.

Ngakho-ke, i-bearing iyingxenye yomshini yengxenye yomshini esekela enye into engumshini noma ingxenye ehambisana nayo.

Ukunyakaza okuhlobene kungase kube komugqa noma okujikelezayo.

Njengasendabeni ye-crosshead yenjini kanye neziqondiso, iziqondiso zisebenza njengama-bearings futhi ukunyakaza okuhlobene kunomugqa. Ngokufanayo, izindlela zemishini yokugaya kanye nemishini yokuhlela zingaphathwa njengama-bearings.

Njengasezindabeni zama-spindle e-lathe, imishini yokumba ne-boring, ama-axle ezimoto, ama-crankshafts, njll., ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwalokhu nokuthwala kuyajikeleza.

Isidingo samaBearings.

Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemishini, ukunyakaza noma amandla kufanele adluliselwe ngemiphini ejikelezayo, yona ebanjwe ama-bearings.

Lawa ma-bearings avumela ukuzungeza kwamahhala nokushelelayo kwama-shafts anokungqubuzana okuncane. Ukulahlekelwa amandla noma ukunyakaza kungancishiswa ngokugcotshwa okufanele kwezindawo ezithwele.

Isidingo noma isidingo sama-bearings singokwezinjongo ezimbili ezilandelayo.

1. Ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo ku-shafts ejikelezayo.

2. Ukuvumela ukujikeleza kwamahhala nokushelelayo kwama-shafts.

3. Ukuthwala imithwalo ye-thrust ne-radial.

Izinhlobo Zokuthwala.

Ngokuvamile, ama-bearings angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Ama-bearings othintana naye ngokuslayida kanye;

2. Ama-bearings agingqayo noma ama-anti-friction bearings.

1. I-Sliding Contact Bearings;

Amabhere okuthintana ashelelayo namashaft anokunyakaza okuhlobene ngenxa yokushelela kwawo ngokuhloniphana. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-bearings angasebenzisi ama-roller namabhola angabizwa ngokuthi ama-sliding contact bearings.

Othintana Naye Abashelelayo Amabheringi aphinde ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezilandelayo.

i. Umugqa Wesokudla noma Ukuqondisa;

Uma isiqondiso sokunyakaza okuhlobene kanye nokushelela kwezindawo kuhambisana, ukuthwala kwaziwa ngokuthi umugqa olungile noma ibhodi elithwalayo isb, iziqondiso ezihlokweni eziphambanayo zenjini, izindlela zemishini yokugaya kanye nemishini yokuphotha kanye nemishini ebhokayo.

ii. I-Radial noma i-Journal Bearing;

Uma ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwe-shaft nokuthwala kuwukuzungezisa futhi uma umthwalo usebenza ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi ye-shaft noma eduze kwe-radius ye-shaft, ukuthwala kwaziwa ngokuthi i-journal bear noma i-radial bear.

Ingxenye ye-shaft evalwe yi-bearing yaziwa ngokuthi ijenali.

iii. I-Trust Bearing;

Uma umthwalo ekuthwaleni uhambisana ne-axis ye-shaft, ukuthwala kwaziwa ngokuthi i-thrust bear.

iv. Isinyathelo Sonyawo noma I-Pivot Bearing;

Ku-thrust bearing, uma isiphetho se-shaft sinqamuka ngokuhlala endaweni ethwalayo iqonde phezulu, kwaziwa ngokuthi i-footstep noma i-pivot bear.

v. I-Collar Bearing;

Ku-thrust bear, uma iziphetho ze-shaft zidlulela ngaphesheya nangaphezulu kwe-bearing surface, kwaziwa ngokuthi i-collar bear. I-axis ye-shaft ihlala ivundlile.

vi. I-Bush Bearing;

Uhlobo olulula lokuzala kwesihlahla luboniswa ku-##Fig. 1.8 ngezansi. Iqukethe umzimba wensimbi eyinsimbi kanye nesihlahla esenziwe ngethusi noma isibhamu.

Umzimba unesisekelo esingunxande. Isisekelo senziwa singenalutho ukuze kuncishiswe indawo engaphezulu yemishini. Kunikezwe izimbobo ezimbili ze-elliptical esisekelweni sokubopha i-bearing.

Imbobo kawoyela ihlinzekwa phezulu emzimbeni edabula ehlathini. Ngakho-ke, ukugcoba kungenziwa ku-shaft kanye nehlathi ngembobo yamafutha.

Ububanzi bangaphakathi besihlahla bulingana nobubanzi be-shaft. Isihlahla sinqunywa ukufakwa ngesikulufu se-grub ukuze ukujikeleza kwaso noma ukushelela kanye ne-shaft kuvinjelwe.

Uma isihlahla siguga, sithathelwa indawo esisha. I-shaft ingafakwa ku-bearing end-wise kuphela. Lokhu kungenye yokungalungi kwalokhu kuzala.

I-Bushed bear ithola ukusetshenziswa emithwalweni emincane nesivinini esiphansi.

vii. I-Pedestal Bearing;

I-Pedestal Bearing idume ngokuthi yi-Plummer block. Kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwejenali okuhlukanisayo noma okuhlukanisiwe.

Iqukethe ibhulokhi yensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi i-pedestal, ikepisi lensimbi elisansimbi, insimbi yethusi engaba izingxenye ezimbili, amablothi amabili ensimbi anekhanda eliyisikwele kanye namasethi amabili amakinati kakhiye we-hexagonal njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-##Fig. 1.9 ngezansi.

Ukuthwala kuwuhlobo oluhlukene; yenziwe yaba izingxenye ezimbili.

Ingxenye engaphezulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-cap, eboshelwe emzimbeni oyinhloko obizwa ngokuthi i-pedestal ngokusebenzisa amabhawudi anamakhanda ayizikwele namantongomane anezinhlangothi ezine.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa noma ukuhlukaniswa kokuzala kwenza kube lula ukubeka nokususwa kwe-shaft kanye nohhafu wesihlahla esihlukanisiwe.

Izihlahla ezihlukene zaziwa ngokuthi amathusi noma izinyathelo.

I-snug inikezwa esihlahleni esihlukene esingaphansi esingena emgodini ohlinzekwe emzimbeni.

Ukuze ukujikeleza kwesihlahla kuvinjwe kanye ne-shaft, futhi ukunyakaza kwe-axial kuvinjelwe ngokusebenzisa ama-collar flanges ekugcineni.

I-split bush material iyithusi, ithusi, insimbi emhlophe, njll.

I-shaft ihlezi phezu kwesihlahla esihlukanisiwe esingezansi. Isihlahla esihlukanisayo esiphezulu sibekwe phezu kwe-shaft, futhi ekugcineni, i-cap iqinisiwe.

Kushiywa indawo encane phakathi kwekepisi nomzimba esiza lapho ikepisi lehliswa ngenxa yokuhlenga ihlathi ngezindwangu ezintsha.

Lokhu kuthwala kuthola ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukene zomthwalo.

viii. I-footstep noma i-Pivot bear.

Ku-footstep noma i-pivot bear, ingcindezi isebenza ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi ye-shaft kanye ne-shaft ihlezi kubhireji ekugcineni kwayo eyodwa.

Iqukethe ibhulokhi eyindilinga yensimbi eqondile noma umzimba onesisekelo esingunxande kanye nesihlahla sensimbi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-##Fig. 1.10 ngezansi.

Ibhulokhi inomkhawulo ovulekile lapho i-shaft ifakwa khona. I-shaft ihlezi iqondile kwidiski yensimbi ene-concave scating.

I-disc ivinjelwa ekujikelezeni kanye ne-shaft kusetshenziswa iphinikhodi efakwe uhhafu kudiski nomzimba.

Ukuzungeza kwesihlahla kanye nomphini kuvinjelwa ngokusebenzisa ukunethezeka okunikezwe entanyeni yaso ngezansi nje kokhololo.

Lawa ma-bearings athola ukusetshenziswa emishinini yezindwangu, iphepha, njll., esetshenziselwa imithwalo elula nesivinini esiphansi.

Ekuthwaleni izinyathelo, ukuthambisa kunzima njengoba uwoyela uphonswa ngaphandle phakathi nendawo ngamandla amaphakathi.

2. I-Rolling Contact Bearings noma i-Anti-friction Bearings.

Kuma-rolling contact bearings, ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwe-shaft kanye ne-bearing kubangelwa ukugoqa amabhola nama-roller asetshenziswa kuma-bearings.

Ngakho-ke lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-rolling bearings noma amabhola nama-roller bearings.

I-bearing friction incane kakhulu kunakuma-bearings athintana naye ashelelayo, futhi kukhona ukuhuzuka okuncane kwemishini okudinga ngokuvamile ukuqala nokuma ngaphansi komthwalo.

Ngakho-ke, lezi zinsimbi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-anti-friction bearings.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-anti-friction bearings, futhi yilezi;

1. Amabhola amabhola kanye;

2. I-roller bear.

i. Ama-Ball Bearings;

Amabhola ayindilinga asetshenziswa kuma-ball bearings.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-ball bearings;

(i) Ama-radial ball bearings kanye (ii) I-Trust ball bearings.

Ama-radial ball bearings asetshenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo ye-radial noma imithwalo ehambisana ne-axis ye-shafts, kuyilapho ama-thrust bearings asetshenziselwa imithwalo ye-thrust, okungukuthi, imithwalo esebenza ngokuhambisana ne-axis ye-shaft.

I-Trust ball bearings zisetshenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo ye-thrust ku-shafts.

Ahlanganisa amabhola ensimbi aqinile abekwe phakathi kwezinhlanga ezimbili. Izinhlanga ziyizindandatho zensimbi eziqinile. Umjaho owodwa uzungeza kanye ne-shaft, kanti omunye ugxilwe ezindlini zokuthwala.

Amabhola agcinwa endaweni ngokusebenzisa amakheji. Amakheji ayizihlukanisi zamabhola akhiwe ngethusi elicindezelwe.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-thrust bear elula kuboniswa ku-##Fig. 1.11 ngezansi. Ama-thrust ball bearings asetshenziswa aze afike ku-2000 rpm.

Ukuze uthole isivinini esiphezulu semithwalo ye-thrust, ama-angular ball bearings asetshenziswa. Ngaphansi kwejubane eliphezulu, amabhola ayaphoqeleka ukuba aphume emijahweni ngenxa yamandla aphakathi nendawo athuthukiswe kuma-thrust bearings.

ii. Ama-Roller Bearings;

Ama-roller bearings angahlukaniswa njengama-radial roller bearings nama-thrust roller bearings. Ama-roller ama-radial nama-thrust athwala imithwalo ye-radial ne-thrust ngokulandelana.

Womabili lawa ma-bearings angaphinde ahlukaniswe ngesisekelo sezinhlobo zama-roller asetshenziswayo, njengama-cylindrical roller bearings, ama-need roller bearings, nama-roller bearings ane-tapered.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ball bearings, ama-roller bearings athuthukisa ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe kodwa abe nomthamo omkhulu womthwalo. Kuzicelo zomthwalo okhanyayo, ama-ball bearings asetshenziswa ukugcinwa kwawo kungaphansi kwalokho kwama-roller bearings anosayizi ofanayo.

Kodwa-ke, uma umthwalo unzima futhi ama-bearings anesibopho sokuthuthumela, kusetshenziswa ama-roller bearings kuphela.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwebhola kanye nama-roller bearings;

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabheringi athintana naye ashelelayo, amabheringi othintana naye aginqikayo anezinzuzo nezinkinga ezilandelayo.

Izinzuzo.

1. Ukungqubuzana kokuqala nokugijima kuphansi.

2. Ukumiselela kulula.

3. Ingasetshenziselwa kokubili imithwalo ye-radial ne-axial.

4. Ukuthambisa kulula.

5. Izindleko zesondlo ziphansi.

Ukubi.

1. Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu.

2. Kunzima ukuqaphela ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kokuzala.

3. Kudingeka umshini wokunemba okuphezulu ukuze ukhiqize izindlu.