Menene Bearing?

Kalmar bearing ta samo asali ne daga beyar, wanda ke nufin tallafi ko ɗauka.

Lokacin da motsi na dangi ya kasance tsakanin sassa biyu kuma idan ɗayan ya goyi bayan ɗayan, ana kiran ɓangaren goyon baya a matsayin bearing.

Don haka, bearing wani nau'in inji ne na ɓangaren injin wanda ke goyan bayan wani nau'in inji ko ɓangaren da ke cikin kusanci da shi.

Motsin dangi yana iya zama ko dai na layi ko na juyawa.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin madaidaicin inji da jagororin, jagororin suna aiki azaman bearings kuma motsin dangi yana da layi. Hakazalika, ana iya ɗaukar hanyoyin injunan niƙa da injunan tsarawa azaman bearings.

Kamar yadda a cikin al'amuran dunƙule na lathe, hakowa da injuna masu ban sha'awa, axles na motoci, crankshafts, da dai sauransu, motsin dangi tsakanin waɗannan da ɗaukar nauyi shine rotary.

Bukatar Bearings.

A kusan kowane nau'in injuna, ko dai motsi ko wutar lantarki dole ne a watsa su ta hanyar jujjuyawar, wanda bi da bi ke riƙe da bearings.

These bearings allow the free and smooth rotation of shafts with minimum friction. The loss of power or motion can be minimized with suitable lubrication of bearing surfaces.

Larura ko buƙatuwar ƙugiya don dalilai biyu ne masu zuwa.

1. Don ba da tallafi ga magudanar ruwa masu juyawa.

2. Don ba da izinin juyawa mai santsi kyauta da santsi.

3. Don ɗaukar matsawa da nauyin radial.

Nau'o'in Taimakawa.

Yawanci, ana iya rarraba bearings zuwa nau'i biyu kamar haka:

1. Zamewa lamba bearings da;

2. Mirgina bearings lamba ko anti gogayya bearings.

1. Zazzagewar Tuntuɓar Sadarwa;

Sliding contact bearings and shafts have relative motion due to their sliding with respect to each other. In general, all the bearings which don’t use rollers and balls can be termed as sliding contact bearings.

Zazzagewar Lambobin Lambobi an ƙara kasu zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa.

i. Layin Dama ko Ƙarfafa Jagora;

Idan jagorar motsin dangi da zamewar saman saman sun yi layi ɗaya, ana san ɗaurin a matsayin madaidaiciyar layi ko jagorar jagora misali, jagororin kan giciyen injin, hanyoyin injin niƙa da injunan hakowa da injuna masu ban sha'awa.

ii. Radial ko Jarida Bearing;

Idan motsin dangi tsakanin shaft da ɗaukar nauyi yana jujjuyawa kuma idan nauyin ya yi aiki daidai da axis na shaft ko tare da radius na shaft, an san abin ɗamara a matsayin ɗaukar jarida ko radial bearing.

An san ɓangaren ramin da aka rufe da ɗaukar hoto da sunan jarida.

iii. Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa;

Idan nauyin da ke kan maƙallan ya kasance daidai da axis na shaft, an san abin da aka yi a matsayin ƙaddamarwa.

iv. Matakin Ƙafa ko Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaura;

A cikin juzu'i, idan ƙarshen shaft ɗin ya ƙare ta hanyar hutawa a kan abin da ake ɗauka a tsaye, an san shi da ɗaukar ƙafar ƙafa ko ɗaukar motsi.

v. Ƙarƙashin Ƙarya;

A cikin juzu'i, idan ƙarshen shaft ɗin ya wuce bayan kuma ta saman abin ɗauka, an san shi da ɗaukar abin wuya. Axis na shaft ya kasance a kwance.

vi. Bushed Bearing;

Ana nuna nau'in nau'i mai sauƙi na bushewa a cikin ##Fig. 1.8 kasa. Ya ƙunshi jikin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare da kuma daji da aka yi da tagulla ko bindiga.

Jiki yana da tushe rectangular. An yi ginin tushe mai zurfi don rage girman wurin aikin injin. Ana samar da ramukan elliptical guda biyu a gindin don danne abin ɗaki.

Ana samar da rami mai a saman jiki wanda ke ratsa cikin daji. Don haka, ana iya yin lubrication don shaft da daji ta ramin mai.

Diamita na ciki na daji daidai yake da diamita na shaft. An kafa daji ta hanyar dunƙule dunƙule don hana jujjuyawar sa ko zamewa tare da shaft.

Idan daji ya gaji, ana maye gurbinsa da wani sabo. Za'a iya shigar da sandar a cikin mai ɗaukar hoto kawai. Wannan hasashe ɗaya ne na wannan ɗaukar nauyi.

Bushed bearing yana samun aikace-aikace a cikin nauyi mai sauƙi da ƙananan sauri.

vii. Ƙafafun ƙafa;

Ƙafafun ƙafa an san shi da Plummer block. Ana kuma kiransa da rabe-rabe ko rarrabu.

Ya ƙunshi shingen simintin ƙarfe da ake kira pedestal, hular baƙin ƙarfe, tagulla mai bindigu a rabi biyu, ɓangarorin karfe biyu masu ƙanƙan da kai da nau'i biyu na ƙwaya mai ɗari huɗu kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ##Fig. 1.9 kasa.

Ƙaƙwalwar nau'i ne mai tsaga; an yi shi kashi biyu.

Babban ɓangaren ana kiransa hula, wanda aka liƙa zuwa babban jiki da ake kira pedestal ta hanyar ƙuƙumma mai kai da murabba'i da ƙwaya mai ɗari huɗu.

Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ko rarrabuwa na ɗaukar nauyi yana sauƙaƙe sanyawa da cire shaft ɗin da rabi na tsagawar daji.

An san tsaga bushes da tagulla ko matakai.

Ana ba da snug a cikin ƙananan daji mai tsaga wanda ya dace da ramin da aka tanadar a jiki.

Don haka an hana jujjuya daji tare da shaft, kuma ana hana motsin axial ta hanyar flanges kwala a kan iyakar.

Abubuwan da aka raba daji sune tagulla, tagulla, farar ƙarfe, da sauransu.

Shagon yana kan ƙananan daji mai tsaga. An sanya daji mai tsaga na sama a kan shaft, kuma a ƙarshe, an ƙara ɗaukar hular.

An bar ɗan ƙarami tsakanin hula da jiki wanda ke taimakawa lokacin da aka saukar da hular saboda ceton daji tare da sabbin labule.

Wannan nau'in yana samun aikace-aikacensa a cikin babban sauri da mabambanta kwatance na kaya.

viii. Ƙunƙarar ƙafar ƙafa ko Ƙarfin Pivot.

A cikin ƙafar ƙafa ko ƙaƙƙarfan pivot, matsa lamba yana aiki daidai da kusurwar shaft ɗin kuma shaft ɗin yana tsayawa a cikin maɗaurin a ƙarshensa ɗaya.

Ya ƙunshi shingen simintin ƙarfe a tsaye ko jiki mai tushe mai kusurwa huɗu da daji mai gunmetal, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ##Fig. 1.10 kasa.

Toshe yana da buɗaɗɗen ƙarshen abin da aka shigar da sandar. Shagon yana tsayawa a tsaye a kan faifan karfe yana da maƙarƙashiya.

An hana diski daga juyawa tare da ramin ta hanyar fil wanda aka saka rabin a cikin diski da jiki.

Ana hana jujjuya daji tare da sandar ta hanyar snug da aka bayar a wuyansa kusa da abin wuya.

Waɗannan bearings suna samun aikace-aikace a cikin injin ɗin yadi, takarda, da sauransu, waɗanda ake amfani da su don ɗaukar nauyi da ƙananan sauri.

A cikin ɗaukar ƙafar ƙafa, man shafawa yana da wahala yayin da ake jefa mai a waje daga tsakiya ta hanyar ƙarfin centrifugal.

2. Mirgina Ƙaƙƙarfan Tuntuɓar Sadarwa ko Ƙarfafawa.

A cikin jujjuyawar lamba, motsin dangi tsakanin shaft da ɗaukar nauyi yana haifar da jujjuyawar ƙwallo da rollers da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bearings.

Don haka ana kiran waɗannan a matsayin mirgina bearings ko ball da nadi bearings.

Juyawar juzu'i ya yi ƙasa da na zamewar lamba bearings, kuma akwai ƙarancin gogewar injin da ke buƙatar farawa da tsayawa a ƙarƙashin kaya.

Don haka, ana kiran waɗannan bearings a matsayin masu ɗaukar gogayya.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cutarwa, kuma sune;

1. Ƙwallon ƙafa da;

2. Ƙunƙarar abin nadi.

i. Ƙwallon Ƙwallo;

Ana amfani da ƙwallayen ƙwallo a cikin ƙwallo.

Akwai nau'ikan ƙwallo iri biyu;

(i) Radial ball bearings da (ii) Tura ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa.

Radial ball bearings ana amfani da su don ɗaukar nauyin radial ko kuma lodin daidai gwargwado ga axis na ramuka, yayin da aka yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa don ɗaukar nauyin ƙaddamarwa, watau lodin da ke aiki daidai da axis na shaft.

Tura ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ana amfani da su don ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi akan sanduna.

Sun ƙunshi ƙwallayen ƙarfe masu tauri da aka sanya tsakanin jinsi biyu. Gasar suna tsagi taurare zoben karfe. Ɗayan tseren yana jujjuyawa tare da shaft, kuma wani yana daidaitawa a cikin gidaje masu ɗaure.

Ana kiyaye kwallaye a matsayi ta hanyar cages. kejin masu raba ƙwallo ne da aka matse da tagulla.

Ana nuna tsari na ɗaukar nauyi mai sauƙi a cikin ##Fig. 1.11 kasa. Ana amfani da ƙwallan turawa har zuwa gudun 2000 rpm.

Don ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na kayan ɗorawa, ana amfani da ɗigon ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa. Ƙarƙashin babban gudun, an tilasta wa ƙwallayen fita daga tseren saboda ƙarfin centrifugal da aka haɓaka a cikin abubuwan da aka tura.

ii. Nau'i-nau'i;

Za'a iya rarraba abubuwan nadi a matsayin radial bearings da tura abin nadi bearings. Radial da tura abin nadi bearings dauke da radial da kuma tura lodi bi da bi.

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan za a iya ƙara rarrabuwa bisa nau'ikan nadi da aka yi amfani da su, kamar silinda na abin nadi, nadi na allura, da nadi mai nadi.

Lokacin da aka kwatanta da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwallo, abubuwan nadi suna haɓaka ƙarin juzu'i amma suna da ƙarfin nauyi mafi girma. Don aikace-aikacen ɗora nauyi, ana amfani da ƙwalƙwalwar ƙwallo waɗanda kulawar su bai kai na girman abin nadi ba.

Koyaya, idan nauyin ya yi nauyi sosai kuma ana iya ɗaukar nauyin ɗaukar nauyi, ana amfani da abin nadi kawai.

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na ƙwallon ƙafa da abin nadi;

Idan aka kwatanta da zamiya bearings lamba, mirgina bearings lamba da wadannan abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani.

Amfani.

1. Tashin hankali na farawa da gudu yana da ƙasa.

2. Sauyawa yana da sauƙi.

3. Za a iya amfani da duka radial da axial lodi.

4. Lubrication yana da sauƙi.

5. Kudin kulawa yana da ƙasa.

Rashin amfani.

1. Babban farashi na farko.

2. Yana da wahala a lura da abin da ya faru na gazawar ɗaukar nauyi.

3. Ana buƙatar ingantattun mashin ɗin don ɗaukar gidaje.