Kubyara ni iki?

Ijambo kubyara rikomoka ku idubu, bisobanura gushyigikira cyangwa gutwara.

Iyo hari icyerekezo gifitanye isano hagati yibice bibiri kandi niba igice kimwe gishyigikiye ikindi, igice gishyigikira kizwi nkigikoresho.

Kubwibyo, kwishyiriraho nikintu cyumukanishi igice cyimashini gishyigikira ikindi kintu cyumukanishi cyangwa igice kiri mukigendana nacyo.

Icyerekezo kigendanye gishobora kuba umurongo cyangwa kuzunguruka.

Nko kubireba moteri yambukiranya hamwe nuyobora, abayobora bakora nkibikoresho kandi icyerekezo ugereranije ni umurongo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inzira zo gusya hamwe nimashini za planari zirashobora gufatwa nkibikoresho.

Nko mubibazo bya spindles ya lathe, imashini zogucukura no kurambirana, imitambiko yimodoka, crankshafts, nibindi, kugenda ugereranije hagati yibi no gutwara birazunguruka.

Gukenera Ibikoresho.

Hafi yubwoko bwose bwimashini, haba icyerekezo cyangwa imbaraga bigomba koherezwa binyuze mumuzingi uzunguruka, na byo bigafatwa nu byuma.

Ibi bifasha kwemerera kuzenguruka kubusa kandi byoroshye bya shitingi hamwe no guterana byibuze. Gutakaza imbaraga cyangwa kugenda birashobora kugabanuka hamwe no gusiga amavuta akwiye.

Ibikenewe cyangwa ibikenewe byingirakamaro ni intego ebyiri zikurikira.

1. Gutanga inkunga yo kuzunguruka.

2. Kwemerera kuzunguruka kubuntu kandi byoroshye.

3. Kwihanganira imitwaro ya radiyo.

Ubwoko bwo Kubyara.

Mubisanzwe, ibyuma bishobora gushyirwa mubwoko bubiri kuburyo bukurikira:

1. Kunyerera kunyuramo kandi;

2. Kuzunguruka kwandikirana cyangwa kurwanya anti-friction.

1. Kunyerera;

Kunyerera guhuza imiyoboro hamwe nigitambambuga bifite umuvuduko ugereranije bitewe no kunyerera kubireba. Muri rusange, ibyuma byose bidakoresha imizingo n'imipira bishobora kwitwa kunyerera.

Kunyerera Guhuza Ibikoresho byongeye kugabanywa muburyo bukurikira.

i. Umurongo wiburyo cyangwa kuyobora kuyobora;

Niba icyerekezo cyimikorere igereranijwe hamwe no kunyerera hejuru yuburinganire buringaniye, ubwikorezi buzwi nkumurongo wiburyo cyangwa ubuyobozi bufite urugero, kuyobora kumutwe wambukiranya moteri, inzira zimashini zisya hamwe na spindle yimashini zicukura kandi zirambirana.

ii. Imirasire cyangwa Ikinyamakuru;

Niba icyerekezo kigereranijwe hagati yigitereko no kwizunguruka kizunguruka kandi niba umutwaro ukora perpendicular kumurongo wigitereko cyangwa kumurongo wa radiyo, icyuma kizwi nkikinyamakuru cyandika cyangwa gifata imirasire.

Igice cyuruzitiro ruzengurutswe kizwi nkikinyamakuru.

iii. Gutera hejuru;

Niba umutwaro ku cyerekezo uhwanye na axe ya shaft, ubwikorezi buzwi nkumutwe.

iv. Intambwe Yamaguru cyangwa Pivot;

Mu guterura ibintu, niba iherezo ryuruzitiro rurangiye kuruhukira hejuru yuburyo buhagaritse, bizwi nko gutera ikirenge cyangwa gutwara pivot.

v.

Mu guterura ibintu, niba impera za shaft zirenze kandi zinyuze hejuru, bizwi nka cola. Umurongo w'igiti ukomeza gutambuka.

vi. Bushed Bearing;

Ubwoko bworoshye bwibihuru byerekanwe muri ## Igishushanyo. 1.8 hepfo. Igizwe numubiri wicyuma nigihuru gikozwe mu muringa cyangwa imbunda.

Umubiri ufite urufatiro rw'urukiramende. Urufatiro rukozwe kugirango rugabanye ubuso bwimashini. Imyobo ibiri ya elliptique itangwa kuri base kugirango ihindurwe.

Umwobo wamavuta utangwa hejuru yumubiri unyura mu gihuru. Gutyo, gusiga birashobora gukorwa kumashami nigihuru biciye mumwobo wamavuta.

Imbere ya diametre yigihuru ingana na diameter ya shaft. Igihuru gishyirwaho neza na grub screw kugirango irizunguruka cyangwa kunyerera hamwe nigiti.

Niba igihuru cyashize, gisimburwa nundi mushya. Uruzitiro rushobora kwinjizwa muburyo bwonyine-bwonyine. Iyi ni imwe mu mbogamizi zibi.

Bushed gutwara isanga ikoreshwa mumitwaro yoroheje n'umuvuduko muke.

vii. Gutwara abanyamaguru;

Gutwara abanyamaguru bizwi cyane nka Plummer block. Yitwa kandi gucamo ibice cyangwa kugabana ikinyamakuru.

Igizwe nicyuma gikozwe mucyuma cyitwa pedestal, icyuma gikozwe mucyuma, imiringa yimbunda mu bice bibiri, ibyuma byoroheje byoroheje-imitwe ifite imitwe ibiri hamwe nudusanduku tubiri twa feri ya hexagonal nkuko bigaragara kuri ## Igishushanyo. 1.9 hepfo.

Ubwikorezi ni ubwoko butandukanye; ikozwe mo kabiri.

Igice cyo hejuru cyitwa cap, gifatirwa kumubiri nyamukuru bita pedestal hifashishijwe imitwe ya kare ifite imitwe hamwe nimbuto esheshatu.

Uku kugabana cyangwa kugabana kubyara byorohereza gushyira no gukuraho igiti kimwe nigice cyigice cyamacakubiri.

Ibihuru bitandukanijwe bizwi nkumuringa cyangwa intambwe.

Igituba gitangwa mu gihuru cyo hasi gihuye nu mwobo watanzwe mu mubiri.

Kugirango rero kuzunguruka ibihuru bikumirwe hamwe nigiti, kandi ingendo ya axial irindwa hakoreshejwe flanges ya cola kumpera.

Gutandukanya ibihuru ni umuringa, umuringa, icyuma cyera, nibindi.

Igiti gihagaze hejuru yigihuru cyo hasi. Igihuru cyo hejuru cyatandukanijwe gishyirwa hejuru yumutwe, hanyuma, agapira karakomeye.

Agace gato gasigara hagati yumutwe numubiri bifasha mugihe ingofero yamanutse kubera gutabara igihuru hamwe nimirongo mishya.

Uku kwishyiriraho gusanga gukoreshwa muburyo bwihuse hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumutwaro.

viii. Gutwara ibirenge cyangwa gutwara Pivot.

Mubirenge cyangwa pivot, igitutu gikora kiringaniye nigitereko cyumutwe nigiti kiruhukira kumurongo wacyo.

Igizwe nicyuma gihagaze kizengurutse uruziga cyangwa umubiri ufite urukiramende hamwe nigihuru cyimbunda, nkuko bigaragara kuri ## Igishushanyo. 1.10 hepfo.

Inzitizi ifite impera ifunguye inyuzamo igiti. Uruzitiro ruhagaze kuri disiki yicyuma ifite impande zombi.

Disiki irabujijwe kuzunguruka hamwe nigitereko hifashishijwe pin yinjijwe igice cya disiki numubiri.

Kuzunguruka kw'igihuru hamwe nigiti kirindwa hakoreshejwe igituba gitangwa ku ijosi munsi yumukingo.

Ibi bikoresho bisanga porogaramu mumashini yimyenda, impapuro, nibindi, bikoreshwa mumitwaro yoroheje n'umuvuduko muke.

Mu kwerekera ikirenge, gusiga biragoye kuko amavuta yajugunywe hanze avuye hagati nimbaraga za centrifugal.

2. Kuzunguruka Ibikoresho byo Guhuza cyangwa Kurwanya Kurwanya.

Mu kuzunguruka kwihuza, kugenda ugereranije hagati yigitereko no kwifata biterwa no kuzunguruka imipira nizunguruka zikoreshwa mubitereko.

Kubwibyo ibi byitwa nkibizunguruka byerekanwa cyangwa umupira hamwe na roller.

Kwikuramo kwifata ni bike cyane ugereranije no kunyerera, kandi hariho gukuramo imashini bisaba gutangira no guhagarara munsi yumutwaro.

Kubwibyo, ibyo byitwa byitwa anti-friction.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo kurwanya friction, kandi ni;

1. Imipira yumupira kandi;

2. Kuzunguruka.

i. Imipira yumupira;

Imipira ifatika ikoreshwa mumupira.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimipira;

(i) Imipira yumupira wa radiyo kandi (ii) Tera imipira.

Imipira yumupira Byakoreshejwe mu gutwara imizigo ya radiyo cyangwa imizigo itondekanye kuri axe ya shitingi, mugihe imitwaro yo gusunika ikoreshwa kumitwaro yo gusunika, ni ukuvuga imizigo ikora ibangikanye na axe ya shaft.

Tera imipira Byakoreshejwe mu Gutwara Imizigo.

Zigizwe n'imipira y'icyuma ikomye ishyizwe hagati yubwoko bubiri. Amarushanwa arasunitswe cyane impeta zicyuma. Ubwoko bumwe buzunguruka hamwe nigiti, ikindi kigashyirwa mumazu yubatswe.

Imipira ibungabungwa mumwanya hakoreshejwe akazu. Utuzu dutandukanya imipira igizwe nimiringa ikanda.

Gahunda yuburyo bworoshye bwo kwerekanwa irerekanwa muri ## Igishushanyo. 1.11 hepfo. Imipira yo gusunika ikoreshwa kugeza ku muvuduko wa 2000 rpm.

Kumuvuduko mwinshi wo guterura imitwaro, imipira yo guhuza imipira ikoreshwa. Mumuvuduko mwinshi, imipira yirukanwa mumarushanwa kubera imbaraga za centrifugal zateye imbere mumatwara.

ii. Ibikoresho bya Roller;

Uruziga rushobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkibikoresho bya radiyo. Imirasire ya radiyo no gusunika itwara imirasire hamwe no gusunika imizigo.

Ibyo byuma byombi birashobora gushyirwa mubindi byiciro hashingiwe ku bwoko bwizunguruka zikoreshwa, nk'ibikoresho bya silindrike, ibyuma bifata urushinge, hamwe na roller.

Iyo ugereranije nu mupira, imipira itera imbere cyane ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo kwikorera. Kubikoresho byoroheje byoroheje, imipira ikoreshwa ikoreshwa ryayo iri munsi yubunini bumwe.

Ariko, niba umutwaro uremereye kandi ibyuma birashobora guhungabana, gusa ikoreshwa rya roller.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byumupira hamwe na roller;

Iyo ugereranije no kunyerera kwandikirana, kuzunguruka guhuza bifite ibyiza nibibi bikurikira.

Ibyiza.

1. Gutangira no kwiruka guterana ni bike.

2. Gusimbuza biroroshye.

3. Irashobora gukoreshwa kubintu byombi bya radiyo na axial.

4. Gusiga amavuta biroroshye.

5. Igiciro cyo gufata neza ni gito.

Ibibi.

1. Igiciro cyambere.

2. Biragoye kubona ibibaho byo kunanirwa.

3. Gukora neza cyane birakenewe kugirango habeho amazu.