Chii chinonzi Bearing?

Shoko rokuti kubereka (bearing) rinobva pabere, kureva kutsigira kana kutakura.

Kana pane kufamba kuripo pakati pezvikamu zviviri uye kana chikamu chimwe chichitsigira chimwe, chikamu chinotsigira chinozivikanwa sebheya.

Saka, bearing chinhu chemuchina chechikamu chemuchina chinotsigira chimwe chinhu chemuchina kana chikamu chiri mukufamba nacho.

Chimiro chehukama chinogona kunge chiri mutsetse kana chinotenderera.

Sezviri painjini yekuyambuka musoro uye madhairekitori, madhairekitori anoita semabheya uye mafambiro ehukama ane mutsara. Saizvozvo, nzira dzemakina ekugaya nemichina yakarongwa inogona kubatwa semabheya.

Sezviri muzviitiko zvemaspindles elathe, kuchera uye kufinha michina, maekisi emota, crankshafts, nezvimwewo, kufamba kwehukama pakati peizvi nekubereka kunotenderera.

Kudiwa kweBearings.

Munenge mhando dzese dzemuchina, kungave kufamba kana simba rinofanirwa kufambiswa kuburikidza nemashaft anotenderera, ayo anozobatwa nemabheya.

These bearings allow the free and smooth rotation of shafts with minimum friction. The loss of power or motion can be minimized with suitable lubrication of bearing surfaces.

Iko kudikanwa kana kudiwa kwemabhearings ndeyezvikonzero zviviri zvinotevera.

1. Kupa rutsigiro kune anotenderera shafts.

2. Kubvumira kusununguka uye kutenderera kutenderera kwe shafts.

3. Kutakura mitsipa uye radial mitoro.

Mhando dzeBearing.

Kazhinji, mabearings anogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri sezvinotevera:

1. Sliding contact bearings uye;

2. Rolling contact bearings kana anti-friction bearings.

1. Sliding Contact Bearings;

Sliding contact bearings and shafts have relative motion due to their sliding with respect to each other. In general, all the bearings which don’t use rollers and balls can be termed as sliding contact bearings.

Sliding Contacts Bearings akapatsanurwazve mumhando dzinotevera.

i. Mutsara Wekurudyi kana Gwaro Rokutakura;

Kana gwara rekufamba uye kutsvedza kwenzvimbo kwakafanana, kutakura kunozivikanwa semutsara wekurudyi kana gwara rinotakura semuenzaniso, madhairekitori pamisoro yeinjini, nzira dzemichina yekugaya uye maspindle ekuchera nemichina inofinha.

ii. Radial kana Journal Bearing;

Kana mafambiro ehukama pakati peshaft uye kubereka achitenderera uye kana mutoro ukaita perpendicular kune axis ye shaft kana padivi peradius ye shaft, kutakura kunozivikanwa sejenari kubereka kana radial kubereka.

Chikamu che shaft yakavharwa nebearing inozivikanwa sejenari.

iii. Thrust Bearing;

Kana mutoro uri pakutakura uchienderana neaxis ye shaft, kutakura kunozivikanwa se thrust bear.

iv. Nhanho yetsoka kana Pivot Bearing;

Mukusundidzira, kana magumo eshaft apera nekuzorora pane inotakura nzvimbo yakatwasuka, inozivikanwa sekubereka kwetsoka kana pivot kubereka.

v. Collar Bearing;

Mukusundirwa, kana migumo yeshaft ichienda mberi uye nepakati penzvimbo inotakura, inozivikanwa secollar bearing. Axis ye shaft inoramba yakatwasuka.

vi. Bushed Bearing;

Mhando yakapfava yekubereka gwenzi inoratidzwa mu ##Fig. 1.8 pazasi. Inoumbwa nemuviri wesimbi yakakandwa uye gwenzi rakagadzirwa nendarira kana pfuti.

Muviri une chigadziko chine rectangular. Chigadziko chinoitwa mhango kuderedza machining pamusoro nzvimbo. Maburi maviri ane elliptical anopiwa pagadziko rekusunga bearing.

Gomba remafuta rinopihwa pamusoro pemuviri iro rinopfuura nemugwenzi. Saka, lubrication inogona kuitirwa shaft uye gwenzi kuburikidza negomba remafuta.

Iyo yemukati dhayamita yegwenzi yakaenzana nedhayamita ye shaft. Gwenzi rakagadziriswa kuiswa negrub screw kuitira kuti kutenderera kwayo kana kutsvedza pamwe chete neshaft kudziviswa.

Kana gwenzi rikasakara, rinotsiviwa neimwe itsva. Iyo shaft inogona kuiswa mukati mekutakura magumo-akachenjera chete. Uku ndiko kusakanganiswa kwechibereko ichi.

Bushed bearing inowana kushandiswa mumitoro yakareruka uye yakaderera kumhanya.

vii. Pedestal Bearing;

Pedestal bearing inonyanya kuzivikanwa sePlummer block. Inonzi zvakare kupatsanurwa kana kupatsanurwa kwejenari bearing.

Iyo ine simbi yakakandwa inonzi pedestal, chivharo chesimbi, pfuti bhurasi muzvidimbu zviviri, simbi mbiri dzakapfava dzeskweya-musoro mablots uye maviri seti ehexagonal kiyi nzungu sezvinoratidzwa mu##Fig. 1.9 pazasi.

Iyo inotakura ndeye kupatsanurwa mhando; inogadzirwa kuita zvidimbu zviviri.

Chikamu chepamusoro chinonzi chivharo, chinosungirirwa kumutumbi mukuru unonzi pedestal pachishandiswa mabhaudhi ane mativi ane musoro uye nzungu dzine mativi mana.

Uku kupatsanurwa kana kupatsanurwa kwekubereka kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa uye kubviswa kwe shaft pamwe nehafu yegwenzi rakatsemuka.

Makwenzi akatsemuka anozivikanwa sendarira kana nhanho.

Snug inopihwa mugwenzi rezasi rakatsemurwa rinopinda mugomba rakapihwa mumuviri.

Saka kuti kutenderera kwegwenzi kunodzivirirwa pamwe chete neshaft, uye kufamba kweaxial kunodzivirirwa nenzira ye collar flanges pamagumo.

Iyo yakakamurwa gwenzi zvinhu ndeyendarira, ndarira, chena simbi, nezvimwe.

Iyo shaft inozorora pamusoro pegwenzi rezasi rakatsemuka. Gwenzi repamusoro rakapatsanurwa rinoiswa pamusoro pe shaft, uye pakupedzisira, chivharo chinosimbiswa.

Kusununguka kudiki kunosara pakati pechivharo nemuviri izvo zvinobatsira kana chivharo chadzikiswa nekuda kwekununurwa kwegwenzi nemaraini matsva.

Iri fani rinowana kushandiswa kwaro mukumhanya kukuru uye kwakasiyana-siyana kwemutoro.

viii. Kubereka tsoka kana Pivot kubereka.

Mutsoka kana pivot inotakura, dzvinyiriro inobata kuenzanirana neaxis ye shaft uye shaft inozorora mubereko kune imwe mugumo wayo.

Inoumbwa nesimbi-yesimbi yakatwasuka denderedzwa block kana muviri une rectangular base uye gwenzi repfuti, sezvakaratidzwa mu ##Fig. 1.10 pazasi.

Iyo block ine yakavhurika magumo ayo anoiswa shaft. Iyo shaft inomira yakamira pane dhisiki resimbi rine denderedzwa remukati.

Iyo dhisiki inodzivirirwa kubva pakutenderera pamwe neshaft nenzira yepini iyo hafu inopinzwa mu disc uye muviri.

Kutenderera kwegwenzi pamwe chete neshaft kunodzivirirwa nenzira yekusveerera inopiwa pamutsipa wayo pazasi pehuro.

Aya mabheji anowana mashandisirwo mumakina emachira, mapepa, nezvimwe, anoshandiswa kuremedza mitoro uye yakaderera kumhanya.

Mukubereka nhanho, kuzora kwakaoma sezvo oiri inokandwa kunze kubva pakati nepakati ne centrifugal force.

2. Rolling Contact Bearings kana Anti-friction Bearings.

Mukukunguruka kwekubata mabheji, kufamba kwehukama pakati pe shaft uye kutakura kunokonzerwa nekuda kwekukunguruka kwemabhora nema rollers anoshandiswa mumabhengi.

Naizvozvo aya anodaidzwa seano rolling contact bearings kana bhora uye roller bearings.

Iko kukwesha kwekutakura kwakaderera pane kutsvedza mabhengi, uye kune kushoma abrasion yemuchina inoda kazhinji kutanga nekumira pasi pemutoro.

Nokudaro, mabheji aya anonzi anti-friction bearings.

Kune marudzi maviri e-anti-friction bearings, uye ndeaya;

1. Mabhero ebhora uye;

2. Roller inotakura.

i. Ball Bearings;

Mabhora akatenderera anoshandiswa mumabhora ebhora.

Kune marudzi maviri emabhora ebhora;

(i) Radial bhora mabearings uye (ii) Kanda bhora.

Radial ball bearings anoshandiswa kutakura mitoro yeradial kana mitoro perpendicular kune axis ye shafts, nepo kusvetwa mabearings anoshandiswa pakusundidzira mitoro, kureva, mitoro inoshanda yakafanana neaxis ye shaft.

Kanda bhora anoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvinorovesa pamigero.

Anosanganisira mabhora esimbi akaomarara akaiswa pakati pemarudzi maviri. Mijaho yacho grooved yakaoma simbi mhete. Imwe nhangemutange inotenderera pamwe chete neshaft, uye imwe inogadziriswa mukutakura imba.

Mabhora anochengetwa munzvimbo nenzira yemakeji. Makoji anoparadzanisa mabhora anogadzirwa nendarira yakatsikirirwa.

Kurongeka kweiyo yakapfava kutakura inoratidzwa mu ##Fig. 1.11 pazasi. Iyo thrust ball bearings inoshandiswa kusvika pakumhanya kwe2000 rpm.

Kune akakwira kumhanya kwekutakura mitoro, angular yekubata bhora mabearings anoshandiswa. Pasi pekumhanya kwakanyanya, mabhora anomanikidzwa kubva mumijaho nekuda kwesimba recentrifugal rakagadzirwa mumabhengi ekupinza.

ii. Roller Bearings;

Maroller mabhengi anogona kuverengerwa se radial roller mabhengi uye thrust roller mabhengi. Radial uye thrust roller mabearings anotakura radial uye thrust mitoro zvichiteerana.

Ose maviri aya mabearings anogona kuverengerwa pahwaro hwemhando dzema roller anoshandiswa, senge cylindrical roller bearings, tsono roller bearings, uye tapered roller bearings.

Kana ichienzaniswa nemabhora ebhora, ma roller bearings anowedzera kukweshana asi ane hukuru hwekuremerwa. Pamashandisirwo emutoro wakareruka, mabheji ebhora anoshandiswa ayo kuchengetedza kwacho kuri kushoma pane iwo saizi yakafanana roller bearings.

Zvisinei, kana mutoro wacho wakanyanya kurema uye mabearings anofanirwa kutakurwa nekutya, chete mabheji ekutenderera anoshandiswa.

Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwebhora uye roller bearings;

Kana ichienzaniswa neinotsvedza yekubata mabearings, rolling yekusangana mabhengi ane zvinotevera zvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira.

Zvakanakira.

1. Iko kutanga uye kumhanya kukwevera kwakaderera.

2. Kutsiva kuri nyore.

3. Inogona kushandiswa kune ese ari maviri radial uye axial mitoro.

4. Lubrication iri nyore.

5. Mutengo wekugadzirisa wakaderera.

Zvakaipa.

1. Mutengo wekutanga wakakwira.

2. Zvakaoma kuona kuitika kwekutadza kubereka.

3. High precision machining inodiwa pakutakura dzimba.