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Feb . 22, 2024 11:49 Back to list

How to choose bearings?


When selecting bearings, you must consider several important factors. The first factor to consider is the load the bearing can bear. There are two types of loads:

- Axial load  : parallel to the axis of rotation
- Radial load  : perpendicular to the axis

Each type of bearing is specifically designed to support axial or radial loads. Some bearings can handle both loads at the same time: we call this a combined load . For example, if your bearing must withstand combined loads, we recommend that you choose tapered roller bearings. If you require bearings that can withstand high radial loads, we recommend cylindrical roller bearings. On the other hand, if your bearings need to support lighter loads, ball bearings may be sufficient, as they are generally less expensive.

Spin speed is another factor to consider. Some bearings can withstand higher speeds. Therefore, cylindrical roller bearings and needle roller bearings with cages can rotate at higher speeds than bearings without cages. However, sometimes higher speeds come at the expense of payload.

 

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You also need to consider possible misalignment; some bearings are not suitable for this, such as double row ball bearings. Therefore, attention needs to be paid to the structure of the bearing: embedded bearings and spherical bearings are prone to some misalignment. We recommend that you use self-aligning bearings to automatically correct alignment defects caused by shaft bends or installation errors.

Likewise, operating conditions are also very important when selecting the ideal bearing. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the working environment in which the bearing operates. Your bearings can be exposed to a variety of contaminants. Certain uses may cause noise disturbance, shock and/or vibration . Therefore, your bearings must be able to withstand these impacts on the one hand, but not cause inconvenience on the other.

Another basic factor to consider is bearing life . Various factors such as speed or repeated use can affect bearing life.

The choice of sealing system is key to ensuring correct and long-lasting operation of the bearing; therefore, it is important to ensure that the bearing is always well protected from any impurities and external factors, such as dust, water, corrosive liquids or even used lubricants. The choice depends on the type of lubricant, ambient conditions (and therefore also on the type of contamination), fluid pressure and rotational speed.
To give you a good starting point, fluid pressure is the deciding factor in selecting a sealing system. If the pressure is high enough (eg in the range of 2-3 bar), a mechanical seal is ideal. Otherwise, the choice will be directly related to the type of lubricant, grease or oil. For example, for grease lubrication, the most common solutions are: deflectors or washers, machined or narrow channels with grooves; in the case of oil lubrication, the sealing system is usually accompanied by grooves for oil recovery.

Service conditions will also influence your choice, especially when assembling bearings. Consideration must also be given to the rigidity and precision required of the bearing in use . In some cases, preload can be applied to the bearing assembly to increase its stiffness. Additionally, preload will have a positive impact on bearing life and system noise levels. Note that if you choose preload (radial or axial), you need to know the stiffness of all parts through software or experimentation.

Among your selection criteria, you must also take into account the ideal material for the bearing. Bearings can be made of metal, plastic or ceramic. Bearing material depends on its intended use. We recommend that you choose the bearings that are most resistant to compression. However, the material used affects the price of the bearing.

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