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Mar . 22, 2024 12:09 Back to list

Classification of bearings Custom Motor Shaft Bearing


Bearings can be classified based on different criteria, such as design and operating mode, allowed motion or direction of load. From a design perspective, bearings can be classified into:

Plain bearings – Also referred to as bushes, bushings or sleeve bearings, these are the simplest type of bearings. With a cylindrical shape and no moving parts, they are usually used in machines with a rotating or sliding shaft component. Plain bearings can be made of metal or plastic and can use a lubricant like oil or graphite for reducing the friction between the shaft and the hole it rotates in. Typically, they are used for sliding, rotation, oscillating or reciprocating motion.
Types of rolling elements in bearings
Rolling-element bearings - These bearings have a more complex design and are used for supporting higher loads. They consist of rolling elements such as balls or cylinders which are placed between a turning and a stationary race. The relative motion of the races causes the movement of the rolling elements, with little friction and little sliding.

Depending on the shape of the rolling elements, these bearings can be further classified into ball bearings and roller bearings, with various sub-types: cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, needle roller bearings and gear bearings.

 

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Fluid bearings - As their name suggests, these bearings contain a layer of fluid between the bearing surfaces. The fluid can be either a pressurized liquid or a gas, and is distributed in a thin layer which moves rapidly between the internal and external races. Since the bearing surfaces have no direct contact, there is no sliding friction in this type of bearings, therefore the overall friction and wear of these components is much lower than in rolling-element bearings.

Magnetic bearings - These bearings make use of magnetic levitation for supporting the loads, which means there is no surface contact within the bearing. By eliminating friction and the wear of materials, magnetic bearings have a much longer life and can support the highest speeds of all types of bearings. These components are often preferred in industrial applications like petroleum refinement, natural gas handling or electrical power generation, but also in optical systems with high rotational speeds and in vacuum applications.

 



We’ll discuss the most common types of bearings more in detail in the next chapters of this guide, but right now we’ll continue with the classification of bearings.
Direction of load on a bearing
Another criterion for categorizing bearings is the direction of the load they can accommodate. From this point of view, bearings are grouped into three main categories: radial bearings, thrust bearings and linear bearings.

The contact angle between the bearing and the shaft determines the type of bearing: radial bearings have a contact angle under 45°, while thrust bearings have a contact angle above 45°.

Linear bearings guide the moving parts in a straight line. They are also referred to as linear guides and come in two main shapes: round and square.

Radial bearings can support loads that fall perpendicularly to the shaft. Depending on the design, they may also accommodate some axial loads, in one or two directions. Radial bearings are installed perpendicularly to the axial line of the shaft. Plain bearings - also called journal bearings - are often used as radial bearings.

 Thrust bearings support loads that are parallel to the bearing axis, so they are designed to withstand forces in the same direction as the shaft (axial loads).

Depending on their design, these bearings can handle pure axial loads in one or two directions, and sometimes also some radial loads, but unlike radial bearings, these components cannot accommodate very high speeds.

NOTE: Given that both plain and rolling-element bearings can transmit loads in radial and axial directions, the choice of bearing design depends on the application requirements.

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